My Csp Project

Community Service Project (CSP 1001) University of Technology, Jamaica Name Shanece Robinson ID 1200775 family 2012/13 School University of Technology, School of Pharmacy Semester Two (2) Name of way University Hospital of the West Indies lectors name Miss Stacy-Ann Nelson tutorial day/ term Friday 9am-10am Reflection 4 The best better of my partnership service at the University Hospital of The West Indies was the time spent interacting and assistanceing the needy endurings. Each minute spent at community with them gave me a adept of joy.It was really great to spang that I used my interpersonal skills to bring in these persons feel hopeful in their dull moments. another(prenominal) best part of my service was organizing the documents, I felt quite active and vibrant roughly doing it. The scourge part however, was being on that point and hearing the cries of pain of the patients. It was precise heart aching to hear the patients moaning the pain they were undergoing, it f elt even worst to know that I couldnt help stop the pain they were feeling. Another devastating experience was the amount of hours that some of the nurses had to work, most of them started work from similar 8. am and wasnt off until like 8. m in the dark or even later. I achieved my objectives to a moderate extent I gained a sense of self growth, I assisted the nurses in whatever ship canal I could therefrom alleviating their work load. In doing that the nurses were adequate to passing their 100% service to the sick patients. With this d superstar the patients were being released at precedent dates, thus providing space other sick patients to admit. Also I was sufficient to improve my time management skills, this was achieved by having specific time by which I volunteer and get my school work done. Working by a formal schedule I am now competent to manage my time much efficiently.My communication skills improved as well, that was one of my main objectives. This was achieve d through the amount of time that was spent interacting with the nurses and patients. I became much assertive and confident, and as such Im compelled in a sense to do some more community service. I was subject to enhance my problem-solving skills, ability to work in teams, and planning abilities. This I know will be of great benefit to me when Im in the working world and as such I will certainly be an asset to that validation. I was also able to enhance my polite engagement attitudes, skills and behaviors.The community, in which I worked, benefited in a number of ways the nurses and doctors spent less time searching for files/documents, since they were arranged in an earmark manner. The patients felt better well-nigh their well being, since I motivated, and wished them well end-to-end their sicknesses. The disabled persons felt a sense of caring ,since I supplied them with the needful tings they were unable to get for themselves, such as water, bed pan, food, etc. The nurses were able to assist the patients more promptly, since I organized their tools so that they were easily accessed.Also it influenced the opportunity of the hospital to expand their mission and reach without substantially increasing be by engaging a cadre of competent, motivated young wad who share their time and talents in support of the organizations mission. By working with young person and getting them committed to its mission, the hospital will be able to prepare a new generation of volunteers for either their own organization or their broader cause. Service-learning at the hospital cultivated connections between the organization, schools, and other community groups.The organization would benefit from having more csp projects, since other volunteers could assist in answering audio calls and feeding patients. This would ease the workload of the nurses therefore they would have more time to attend to the patients. Also the patients would be supported emotionally since, volunt eers would be there to encourage and make them feel better about themselves. Other volunteers could assist in sterilization of the hospital tools this would reduce the transmission of diseases from one patient to another.This would further reduce the prevalence of diseases in the population. New energy, ideas, and enthusiasm as well as specialized skills that young people bring to the hospital would be increased. The more volunteers in the hospital settings the better it is for the community at large since youths are engaged in something constructive rather than on the streets promoting violence. CSP 1001 could be improved by having more in course work, so that students will take the course more seriously and will thus feel enthusiastic about community service.Instead of having just a some community services classes, classes should be kept at least each other week, so that students will be able to share their experiences about the times spent weekly at the specific organization. A lso at these classes students should be taught the benefits of community service, so that they will value the course more or rather be more appreciative. Csp coordinators should organize activities so as allow the students to volunteer within specific areas of the school so as to help enhancing the school property as well as services. Lecturers signature

Macroeconomics Song Essay

The poems major theme revolves around the unravelling of the US fiscal sector and peculiarly its impact on investment banks in the wake of the recent globular economic recession that affected the US and most of the world economies. any(prenominal) of the macroeconomic concepts addressed tacitly and explicitly include executive compensation, and the championship cycle (Paxton, 1).The crisis is said to pick up primarily been triggered by the stand in run aground owe crisis. Tradition in ally, investment banks and other lending institutions devote financed their customers borrowings from the deposits they collect from the members of the public. With the contain for credit finance to purchase essential items such as theatres uphill exponentially, the deposits became inadequate to finance the borrowing requirements and many of these financial institutions resorted to innovative financial products such as the securitization model or mortgage backed securities.Here, the fi nancial institutions sell bonds. Those buying the bonds are guaranteed of getting their money back after a certain duration plus an attractive interest, and the money raised from floating these bond is advanced to the borrowers (in this case, prospective homeowners). The bondholders will be paying back their money whether the borrowers pay the bank back or default. Thus, it foundation be seen that the investment banks here shoulder substantial risks (Zeese, 1 Rasmus, 3 BBC, 1).The main problem was that these loans were made out to a segment of the market that is considered risky due to its low income and poor credit history. This segment has been referred to as the sub-prime mortgage segment. As long as the prices of homes continued to rise, this model of financial support home purchases made sense because the borrowers could refinance their home purchases. However, and against all expectations, the substantial estate bubble that had been so prolonged in the country burst, and home prices began trending south at a dramatic rate. The import of all these is that the sub prime mortgage borrowers were unable to pay back what they had borrowed. They defaulted, leading to gigantic foreclosures (Zeese, 1 Rasmus, 3 BBC, 1).The loans that had been made out by the financial institutions were in the tune of zillions of dollars. When these borrowers defaulted, the banks were left(a) holding toxic assets, which they wrote down leading to extensive losses. A number of them were pushed to the brink of bankruptcy. These include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, Goldman Sachs, AIG, Merrill Lynch, Bears Stearns and Lehman Brothers (Zeese, 1 Rasmus, 3 BBC, 1).It is this background knowledge that provides the context for the poem. The poet parodies the false sense of security that these institutions had projected for long, investment bankers such as Lehman Brothers had been viewed as beacons of stability in the American economy, doling out priceless advice to Americans on m aters economic.But as the poet shows, the sub prime mortgage crisis unmasked them for who they are, left them at a loss of what to do, and they have turned out to be the blind leading the blind(Paxton, 1). One wonders how, with all their wisdom, the investment bankers could have hedged their risks upon such a risky market as the sub-prime mortgage segment.One of the immediate responses to the financial crisis was the rollout of a bailout package by the US g all overnment (whose worth was seven hundred million grand, in the words of the poet) (Paxton, 1). The failing institutions were major beneficiaries of this bailout package. According to Nanking (1), Bears Stearns was bought by JP Chase for $236 million, with the Federal keep back Bank providing a staggering $30 billion to facilitate its purchase. address of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008, the government is said to have put in some $400 billion in Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The AIG on its part received at least four funds bailouts, all of them amounting to $180 billion in total (Nanking, 1).The poet strongly questions the ethics after part these bailout packages, given that the crisis that affected the investment banks was largely self-inflicted. For example, apart from poor image resulting in the sub-prime mortgage crisis, the problems which the banks faced were also catalyzed by poor anxiety practices such as excessive executive pay.The problems facing the banks also skint out at a time the issue of executive pay was coming under the spotlight. For example, Linn (2) writes that in 1970, top executives were earning 44 generation what stamp down workers got and that by 2007 this had jumped to 344 times what the subordinate employees got. More telling is the fact that the chief operating officers of Lehman Brothers and Merrill Lynch, two of the failed investment bankers, received a total of over $117 million in spite of leading their organizations down the drain (Bass and Beamish, 1) . Lloyd Blankfein, Goldman Sachs top honcho, got $54 million, when the bank made a loss, with the 116 investment banks that had been pitiable listed for aid under the bailout package having paid a cool $1.6 billion as bonuses to their CEOs.AIG was mulling paying its CEO $165 million, when it had made a loss of over $60 billion (Bass and Beamish, 1). Given that these banks had been advanced cash under the bailout plan (which itself is from taxpayer funds), it is logical to assert that it is the average American (who earns 344 times less what the CEO gets) who is being made to pay for the mistakes of the CEOs. It is this crock that the poem seems to rant about. Listen to the poet And it said that failure was the only crime. If you in truth screwed things up, then you were through Nowsurprisethere is a contrary point of view. All that crazy rooty-tootin And that golden parachutin Means that someones making millionsjust not youWorks CitedBBC. (2007). The downturn in facts and figure s. 21 Nov 2007. 28 May 2010. http//news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7302341.stmBass, Frank and Beamish, Rita. (2008). AP subject field Finds $1.6B Went To Bailed-Out Bank Execs. 22 Dec 2008. 29 May 2010. http//corridornews.blogspot.com/2008/12/investment-bank-executives-pork-out-on.htmlLinn, Allison. (2009). AIG shell gives ammunition to critics of high pay. MSNBC. Mar 20th 2009. 29 May 2010. http//www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29791834/Nankin, Jesse. (2009). bill of U.S. govt bailouts. 1 Nov 2009. 29 May 2010. http//www.propublica.org/special/bailout-aftermathspenncentralPaxton, Tom. I am changing my name to Fannie Mae.Rasmus, Jack. (2008). Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac phase two of the financial crisis. kinfolk 2008. 28 May 2009. http//www.zcommunications.org/zmag/viewArticle/18717Zeese, Kevin. (2008). The causes of the auto crisis. 25 Nov 2008. 28 May 2009. http//www.countercurrents.org/zeese251108.htm

Family Nursing Diagnoses Essay

The family discussed in this paper consists of 5 children belonging to cardinal pargonnts. Included are the father (PF), age 60, the mother (EF), age 54, and five children (CF, JF, AF, KF, KF), whose ages are 18, 16, 14, 12, and 9. All of the children are biological to the two parents who turn over been marry almost 30 days.The father is a sm altogether business possessor of a furniture store in downtown. He is the sole pecuniary support of the family. The mother is a stopover at star sign mammary gland and home-schools the lead young daughters.The children are all almost two years apart except for the youngest. The oldest son, CF, lives at home and has skilful graduated mettlesome school after being home-schooled by his mummy for most of his row school life. He will be attending college in the spend and fall. The second son, JF, lives at home and is going to be a immature at a private high school in capital of North Carolina this coming school year. The three younge r daughters all live at home and are home schooled by their mom.In general, the family stays genuinely busy with their individual lives. They fall in sequence almost ein truth wickedness before bed to get unneurotic and have family worship. The kids would like it if they had much metre with their dad but say that he works a part and that it is okay because they understand wherefore. The mom would like to have more(prenominal) conviction to plan meals for dinner but is so busy that she has to corrupt their meals from a comp any(prenominal) that pre makes them and freezes them. The mom says that she used to be equal to keep in line before she had kids and even had judgment of conviction to exercise but now she just barely has m in the day to geteverything done on her list. The husband spends six days a week at work, 12 to 14 hours every day.It is all he has known for the past 30 years. He would like more fourth dimension to spend with his kids but soulfulness has to run the business and en true that the family is provided for. The all family agrees that they wish they did more together as a family outside of their home and going to church. Their biggest c at one timerns are a lack of time and a conflict in everyones schedules as well as a desire to work on their aliment and nutrition. After asking them, they would turn in to go to the park together and go on vacation as a family more often than once a year, which is proveful enough to plan that. The wife hopes to be adequate to start cooking meals again for the family and planning healthier snacks for the kids. The husband says that he pretty much eat ups pepperoni pizza every day.The family is very soused to their extended family, which is huge. For the most part, the family spends as much time as mathematical with the moms parents. The kids all have strong bonds with their grandparents. These relationships are very of import to the family.Using the Friedman Family Assessment Model h elped me to gather and organize my literal conversations I had with the family. It was helpful in pinpointing appropriate nursing diagnoses and health issues for this family.The family geomorphologic assessment was broken down into communication, roles, power, and family determine. Communication between the family members was easily assessed from conversation. The three younger girls regulate me that they get along most of the time and do everything together. That being said however, the oldest daughter, 14, expresses that she sometimes feels held back from doing teenage things because her two younger sisters bottomlandnot be included. The boys share a room together and get along quite well. It is important to note that they both have very disparate schedules and do not spend a whole curing of time together like they used to be able to do. They both tell me however, that they are still best friends. The oldest brother jokingly says that his younger brother, JF, digest be real ly annoying and loud sometimes and then the whole family chimed in saying, Oh yes thats our JF JF agreed smiling.Between the mom and dad there was little emotionalconversation noted and it got very awkward when I started to ask about their communication. The dad said shortly that it was just fine. The mom obviously disagrees because she rolled her eyes at me. Seems to be a lot of tension between the parents when it comes to communication. The mom later told me that they are working on it and some days are divulge than others. The dad was very wide-cut about keeping the kids under control when it came to family meetings with me. At times, everyone would be lecture and it could get loud but PF would get the kids to be quiet and motivate them to be think byul of whomever is speaking. I can see that the kids all respect and love their father. He is constantly joking around with them and can be very sarcastic. The kids love this but the wife, not so much sometimes.The familys role s were very clearly defined. The mom makes the rules at home. She actually does a lot for the home as far as maintenance and advancements go. She also pays all of the bills and manages all of the money. The mom also home-schools the three youngest girls and spends her days winning them to several(predicate) classes and activities. The mom is also the disciplinarian of the kids when it comes to grounding them or even taking the door off of their bedroom. On top of everything, the mom also makes sure there is food on the table every nighttime.Over the expiry few years this has been a struggle for her because she does not have the time to plan healthy meals like she used to. She is not even able to cook them anymore and has to buy their meals from a company that pre-makes them and freezes them. The dad stays busy running the small furniture business downtown. He gets home from work around 6 oclock every night and is exhausted. He does all of the yard work, with the help of they bo ys, and he says that he enjoys it because he gets to get up on his big tractor. The dad also manages the term of a contract house they have next door. There is a lot of stress on the dad being the sole financial provider of the household. society and public health nursing assesses the relationship of variables in the friendship with the patients and boilers suit health. Personal upbringings, culture, religion, and ethnicity are all variables that are considered in order to have a basic understanding of the communitys framework. After doing the family assessment, using my windshield survey, and currentresearch, nursing diagnoses related to this family and interventions with potential outcomes will be discussed. Nurses are advocates for patient whether it is within a hospital or in community health nursing. Advocacy in community health is the suck advocating the family or communitys assumes to organizations and businesses that can or are supposed to help the community.Incorporati ng Jean Watsons supposition of caring is important when providing education for a family within a community. Watsons theory uses a contemporary holistic framework viewing the persons into dimension of body, soul, and mind. Nursing is ceaselessly changing yet the foundation and determine will forever stay the same evident by Watsons theory of caring. This caring theory is a moral/ethical foundation for barteral nursing. Caring experience is a sacred scientific discipline that ac noesiss the connection of nurses with the human-environment field (Watson, 2012). The nursing profession must be careful in sustaining meaningful, ethical, philosophical foundation to its science and theories (Watson, 2012).There are three nursing diagnoses that apply to this family based off of the assessment knowledge deficit related to emotional state affecting learning, imbalanced nutrition more than bodily requirements related to lack of knowledge of nutritional necessitate, food intake, and/or a ppropriate food preparation, and lastly, activity intolerance related to insufficient sleep or rest periods. Healthy state 2020 leading health indicator of nutrition, physical activity, and obesity applies to this familys vulnerability. intimately Americans do not eat a healthy balance aliment in combination with no acquire enough exercise thence leading to obesity (Healthy People 2020, 2015). Generally speaking, the family is not obese, however, a few are a bit overweight and the boys and dad have no muscle tone due to either stress (on the dads part) or lack of physical activity (on the boys part). troika interventions related to the nursing diagnoses and the Healthy People 2020 LHI include educating the family on time forethought and prioritization, having a family dietitian consult meeting with the family on better eating habits and balanced convenient meals, and establish guidelines and goals with the family for physical activity.A late study done on time counseling s hows the effectiveness of time prioritization coaching (Boniwell, Osin, & Sircova, 2014). This article whitethorn be an effective tool inaddressing the familys imbalance of time management and perspective therefore resulting in improved stress over a lack of time. Conflicting values may be a closed mindedness towards approaching time management through coaching and the family will therefore not make improvement on time management. Due to the nature of coaching, there may be some ethical issues such as upholding a professional relationship, maintaining expertise, respect, and competency in coaching. That being said, the family could benefit a lot in time prioritization coaching. In order to address the imbalance of nutrition diagnosis, a late(a) clinical study shows that online dietician services can help families with what they eat on a specialized personal level. With the Internet ever evolving, why not be able to meet with a dietician online that can evaluate the familys nutrition al status and provide healthy interventions (Brandt, Pedersen, Glintborg, Toubro, Nielsen, Eysenbach, Sendergaard, 2014).This may be just what the family needs internet-based interactive and personalized weight management. Family values may differ in that they do not feel they need to spend money on a dietician program of any kind and know what is healthy and what is not. Basically, the family may be somewhat in denial therefore preventing the family from receiving education and personalized information to improve their diet. respectable issues include the risk for developing an eating disorder, maintaining a professional relationship, and the management of patient data must be secure. Addressing the nursing diagnosis of a need for physical activity will require improvement on time management. The family needs to be provided with a list of activities that can be done together as a family and on their own.The mom would love to trades union a gym but in the past when she does join s he never finds the time to go. In order to solve this problem, the mom needs to sign up for classes that are at a scheduled time so that she can put these times in her schedule and make the time for her to go. A conflicting value of the mom may be that she feels she should be spending that time with the family instead of on herself, which would prevent her from getting the physical activity she needs to improve her health. Ethical considerations for improving the familys physical activity include respecting the individuals wishes, offering a non-judgmental environment, and protecting the individuals information.ReferencesBoniwell, I., Osin, E., & Sircova, A. (2014). Introducing time perspective coaching A new approach to improve time management and enhancing well-being. International diary of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 12(2), 24-40. Brandt, C. J., Brandt, V., Pedersen, M., Glintborg, D., Toubro, S., Nielsen, J. B., Eysenbach, G., Brandt, K., & Sendergaard, J. (2014). Long -term effect of interactive online dietician weight loss advice in general practice (LIVA) protocol for a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Family Medicine, 1-6. Healthy People 2020. (2015). Leading health indicators. Retrieved from http//www.healthypeople.gov/2020/Leading-Health-IndicatorsStanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2012). Public health nursing Population-centered health care in the community (8th ed.). St. Louis, Mo Mosby Elsevier.Watson, J. (2012). Human caring science (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC.

Outsourcing in Value Chain

honour CHAIN OF GOAT MILK PRODUCT shape 1 Value Chain of Goat Milk Figure 1 constitutes the value chain of goat milk product. In point to be end product, there are several buttes take ind which are work on of getting raw material then manufacturing process where the production process will take place. After that, the product will be distributed to the variant channels. Under material, there are several parties will involve such as raw material supplier, transportation/ logistical and technology supplier.Then, at the manufacture phase there will be some processes involve such as processing, quality control, packaging and labeling. Packaging will be focus because of most of the producer will outsource this process to separate gild rather than do by themselves. The reason of this outsourcing will be because of lack of skill and technology for the packaging process. When, the packaging and labeling are done by other company, the product will be not associated to the premier (prenominal) owner anymore.In the case of goat milk, the owner of the livestock is not been recognize anymore and lastly the finish product will be distributed to the user and consumer as a product of the packaging company. Malay proverb see this as Lembu punya susu, Sapi dapat nama means the original owner of the product has not been know and the product only been associated to the packaging and labeling company. Figure 2 INDUSTRY gather up IN THE PROCESS OF PRODUCING FINISH PRODUCT OF GOAT MILKFigure 2 show the industries involved in producing the goat milk. As can be seen, farming effort is the first industry involved where the livestock is coming from this industry. well-nigh of the parties involved in this industry are Malay and Indian. Then, in order to package the product, it can be choose whether to use, bottle, box container, can and so on. For box and bottle for example, it will use woods and sand as the raw material to produce box and bottle then, other industry w ill involve too.Then, the distribution process will involve with logistic company. Therefore, in producing a bottle or a box of milk, there are many parties and industries involved and take placed. Figure 3 on a lower floor shows the value chain of the packaging process and the example of many fibre of packaging container. The figure shows the package is designed using the CAD and has been tried and evaluate before start the production process for the packaging. However, some companies do not use such as technology equipment in doing the packaging.This kind of packaging process should be done by the producer company and not supposed outsource the process because the outsource decision acquit the producer lost the originality and owner power towards the product. Figure 3 VALUE CHAIN OF encase PROCESS Source www. nec. co. jp MATERIAL MANUFACTURE statistical distribution PRODUCT USE CUSTOMER/ USER WHOLESALER RETAILER performer PROCESSING QC LABELLING PACKAGING RAW MATER IAL SUPPLIER TRANSPORT/ logistic TECHNOLOGY SUPPLIER AGRICULTURE LOGISTIC WOOD/SAND PACKAGING OUTSOURCE

Black People and Aunt Alexandra Essay

1. How does Jem change? Be specific. a. paginate 115-Scout explains that Jem doesnt want her hanging around him totally the time point in time pestering me. And Calpurnia begins referring to him as Mister Jem now, a title usually reserved for adults. b. foliate 116-Jem developed a maddening air of wisdom that summer. Meaning that he is rational now and insures thingsnot like a little take in anymore. He helps to put things into perspective for Scout that she doesnt understand. c. Jem is growing up. He is trying to make sense of things he sees, trying to be like genus Atticus, and trying to put behind him childish games and youthful pranks.Consequently, sometimes he is moody and sometimes occasionally seems to lord his authority over Scout. 2. What ar the minor disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? a. paginate 115-116- READ ALOUD- Atticus got called to an emergency session of legislature, Dill is not sexual climax to visit for the summer, and auntie Alexandra arrives unannounced to live with them. b. These small disappointments foreshadow the ladder of Tom Robinson. 3. What is teetotal about Jem and Scouts visit to Calpurnias perform? Explain. a.Page 119-120- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The children experience prejudice against them. They wear downt possess prejudice and neither does Calpurnia. They atomic number 18 surprised when church building goer Lula confronts Cal asking her how she could bring white kids to the black church. b. However, proficient as not all the white people are prejudiced, not all the black people are prejudiced. Zeebo and Reverend Skyes are both take to Scout and Jem. 4. Everybody is etymon to tell Scout to act like a lady. How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnias church deliver the Impurity of Women school of thought every calendar week?a. Page 122- This is ironic because everybody wants her to be like a lady, but then they discuss the evils that women bring on the world passi m the Impurity of Women Doctrine. This is confusing for Scout. 5. What does Scout suss out about Calpurnia? Why is this authorized? a. Scout learns that Cal leads a separate existence from her household and taking keeping of her and Jem. Scout sees that Calpurnia speaks a different way around her people than she does with Jem and Scout. This is in-chief(postnominal) because it helps Scout learn to continue to try to see beyond just her world. 6.Why is it raw that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. a. Page 124- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- The Ewells are trash people and no good who walk out of school, but the blacks really want to learn and would go to school regularly. 7. Why did auntie Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real footing is? Explain. a. Page 127-She felt Scout needed a feminine influence. b. She was in all likelihood asked to come by Atticus to watch the kids w hile the trial is firing on and try to help them absorb and shelter them from some of what is dismission on.8. Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. Explain. a. Page 131-132- READ ALOUD TO CLASS- Aunt Alexandra knew all the proper social things to do and say, and she knew a great get across of the history of the local families. She joined some clubs and entertained at her home, and in general did fit right into towns society. However, Alexandra didnt understand or agree with the values by which Atticus was raising his children. Therefore, she did not understand the childrens behavior.Because their value systems were different, they were more often than not at odds. side 10RName ___________________________________ Ms. GlassTKMB- Study Guide Chapters 12 and 13 Directions Read chapters 12 and 13 and answer the following questions in complete sentences. 1. How does Jem change? Be specific. 2. What are the min or disappointments that start the summer for Scout? What do they foreshadow? 3. What is ironic about Jem and Scouts visit to Calpurnias church? Explain. 4. Everybody is beginning to tell Scout to act like a lady.How is it ironic that her church and Calpurnias church deliver the Impurity of Women doctrine every week? 5. What does Scout learn about Calpurnia? Why is this important? 6. Why is it unfair that blacks are not allowed to go to school, but the Ewells are? Explain. 7. Why did Aunt Alexandra say she would be staying with Atticus and the kids? Do you think this is true? What do you think her real reason is? Explain. 8. Aunt Alexandra fitted into the world of Maycomb like a hand in a glove, but never into the world of Jem and me. Explain.

The Prevalence Of Barretts Esophagus Health And Social Care Essay

Gastro esoph yearsal reflux disease is the chief cognize etiologic concomitantor for Barrette Esophagus, and BE is the precursor lesion of esophageal glandular cancer. The preponderance of BE is describe largely from gastroenterology centers and few informations atomic number 18 inform from outpatients with stomach upset. heaps of patients with GERD have grades of indigestion. This fall over chiefly aims to control the prevalence of BE in ill patients.Material and methods outpatients h centenarianing indigestion refer to endoscopy unit for endoscopy. meantime the endoscopist takes biopsy of distal binge. Barrett s esophagus diagnosing lead be find based on the endoscopic unnatural visual aspect of the distal choke up and likewise based on Intestinal Metaplasia ( IM ) pathologic position.Consequences the prevalence of BE was 5.4 % ( based on endoscopy ) and 3.7 % ( base on pathology ) . 69 % of patients with support BE were & gt 50 old ages and 31 % were & lt 5 0 old ages. 81 % of patients with substantiate BE describe GERD types as their dominant indigestion symptom, only when consequence is that 20.4 % in patients without BE ( p value & lt 0.001 ) . termination BE has a comparatively high prevalence in dyspeptic patients. The prevalence of GERD symptoms in BE emphasizes the demand for making endoscopy for dyspeptic patient. of import words Barrett Esophagus, Endoscopy, Heartburn, PathologyIntroductionPrevalence of gastro esophageal reflux disease ( GERD ) is summit along with the prevalence of Barrett s gorge ( BE ) and esophageal glandular cancer ( 1 ) . GERD is the chief known etiologic factor for BE, and BE is the precursor lesion of esophageal glandular cancer ( 2 ) . Adenocarcinoma of gorge is normally a locally turning tumour and it invades next assortment meats and cause deadly complications ( 3 ) . BE is defined as fixing the liner of distal gorge that can be recognized with endoscopy and is record by nominal head of g ablet cells and other standards for IM in biopsies interpreted during the endoscopy ( 4 ) . dangling hernia, fleshiness and presence of helicobacter pylori in gastro enteric piece of land ar some of the hazard factors for BE ( 5, 6 ) . These factors are believed to increase BE by increasing corrosive reflux. Many gastroenterologists make the diagnosing of BE by endoscopy and corroborate it with presence of IM in biopsies taken from the gorge ( 2 ) . The standard for endoscopy is the Presence of chronic GERD after ingestion of proton gaudery inhibitor or acerb suppressers for at least 4 hebdomads ( 7 ) . Association of BE with glandular cancer is the chief factor that thrust physicians to endoscopically measure GERD patients ( 8-11 ) . BE is found in 2 % of big population and 3-5 % of GERD patients ( 2 ) . The boilers suit prevalence of BE in patients with chronic GERD is 3-12 % ( 8, 10, 11 ) .The prevalence of BE is reported largely from gastroenterology centres and few informati ons are reported from outpatients with indigestion. If we consider the coexistence of GERD with indigestion in many patients, the demand to measure dyspeptic patients for BE leave alone be highlighted ( 10 ) .This present study is aimed specifically to show the prevalence of BE in dyspeptic outpatients and to research possible hazard factors for its presence. It besides determines the efficaciousness of GI endoscopy to name BE in the selected population.Material and methodsThis is a prospective survey on pop outpatients of GI clinic who were over 18 old ages old and had a primary ailment of at least 3 months of indigestion ( intermittent or uninterrupted ) and have been conducted during 2007-2011, after the pass of Kashan University of medical Sciences Ethic commission.We defined dyspepsia as composite of disquiet or hurting in epigastric part ( with or without acerb vomitus ) , inordinate belch or belching, abdominal bloating, early satiety or feeling of unnatural or slow dig estion or heartburn ( 10 ) . Patients who had a documented history of upper GI surgery, a clinical probe of indigestion by endoscopy or radiology ( in the old 6 months ) or on more than two occasion in the past 10 old ages, and used proton pump inhibitors inwardly 30 yearss or H2-receptor adversaries within 14 yearss of registration excluded from the survey.Out of the outpatients accede those who consented orally to an endoscopy enter our survey, and refer to endoscopy unit of shahid beheshti hospital, a cardinal infirmary in Kashan. Of the enrolled outpatients, informations on age, sex, nationality, weight and tallness, presence and laterality of GERD symptoms and continuance of dyspeptic symptoms go away be record in separate signifier.The presence of BE will measure in two ways endoscopically, and histologically. Barrett s esophagus diagnosing will be made based on the endoscopic unnatural visual aspect of the distal gorge. If there was a lore of Barrett s epithelial tissu e in the distal of the gorge, the endoscopist find the interpreter as Barrett s gorge and we mark the instance as BE instance by endoscopy. The presence of gastric-appearing mucous membrane or columnar-lined gorge is the standards for the endoscopist study of BE. The lengths of the unnatural epithelial tissue were non recorded. Biopsies from all instances were taken merely proximal to the gastro-esophageal junction, harmonizing to standard pattern for histological verification meanwhile the process. The intent of the figure of biopsies to be taken was made upon the estimate of Barrett s epithelial tissue length by the endoscopist. If cubic yards of IM were seen in the biopsies by the diagnostician, BE could be confirmed, and we mark the instance as BE instance by pathology. These informations will be added to the patient s signifier.Data enter SPSS package and analyse with descriptive statistics, qis square trial and t-test.ConsequencesOf the 1156 outpatients enrolled, 12 pa tients did nt consent to adapt endoscopy. Out of these 12 patients 9 were afghanian who had nt return to hold endoscopy for unknown grounds. 3 of Iranian patients did nt accept to endoscopy and establish endoscopy unneeded, although the physician explained the necessity. A sum of 1144 dyspeptic patients underwent endoscopy, 1100 ( 96.2 % ) of them were Persian and 44 ( 3.8 % ) were afghanian. The fair(a) age of the instances was 45.2 old ages old. BE was endoscopically diagnosed in 62 instances ( 5.4 % ) , and pathologically diagnosed in 42 ( 3.7 % ) of them. All these 42 instances were diagnosed with endoscopy as BE, scarce 20 instances ( 32.2 % ) that were endoscopically marked BE, were non confirmed as BE by pathology. so the sensitiveness of endoscopy for diagnosing of BE is 100 % only its specificity is 67.8 % . The average age of patients with confirmed BE was 53.2 old ages. 42.6 % of patients without BE were male and 57.4 % were female whereas 64.3 % of patients with BE were male and 35.7 were female ( p value=0.005 ) knock back1.Hiatus hernia was diagnosed in 10.2 % of all patients ( 117 out of 1144 ) . 9.1 % of patients without IM had Hiatus hernia, while 40.5 % of the patients with IM had Hiatus hernia ( p value & lt 00.1 ) ( table 2 ) .54.8 % of the patients with BE had reflux esophagitis but merely 4.4 % of the patients without BE had reflux esophagitis ( p value=0.003 ) .The average continuance of dyspeptic symptoms in the 42 BE patients was 10.29 old ages 6 patients ( 14.3 % ) reported symptoms & lt 5 old ages in continuance and 1 ( 2.4 % ) reported symptoms & lt 1 twelvemonth in continuance. Comparision of patients with and without BE revealed that patients with BE have long-dated period of indigestion ( P value & lt 0.01 ) ( table 2 ) .Among 1144 patients 314 ( 27.4 % ) had venomous regurgitation or pyrosis and 259 had these symptoms as their dominant symptom. Out of These 259, 34 ( 13.1 % ) had BE. 34 out of the 42 patients ( 81 % ) with confirmed BE reported either pyrosis or acerb regurgitation as their most(prenominal) bothersome ( dominant ) indigestion symptom, compared with 225 ( 20.4 % ) of the 1102 patients without BE ( p value & lt 0.001 ) ( table 2 ) .The average BMI among all 1140 patients was 28.8 and there were no important inconsistency between patients with confirmed BE and patients without BE ( p value=0.995 ) . interchangeThe recognized method for naming BE is detecting IM in biopsies taken from the gorge. There is a argument whether presence of stomachic metaplasia ( without IM ) should sort a patient as holding BE or non. In this survey, presence of IM in pathology is the cardinal smear to sort a patient to hold BE.In 1144 uninvestigated indigestion outpatients that undergone endoscopy, the prevalence of BE was 5.4 % if based on the endoscopic intuition of stomachic metaplasia in the distal gorge and 3.7 % when the diagnosing was histologically confirmed by the presence of IM. In one Single centre survey on 1248 Persian GERD patients, the prevalence of endoscopicaly suspected and pathologically confirmed BE was 8.3 % and 2.4 % severally ( 12 ) . But we investigated dyspeptic patients non GERD. The prevalence of BE among the patients that have acid regurgitation and pyrosis ( GERD symptoms ) as their dominant symptom is 13.1 % in our survey and is comparatively higher than old Persian probes ( 12, 13 ) . And is besides higher than 3-12 % in other surveies ( 8, 10, 11 ) . But our consequences are less than 24.1 % reported in a survey conducted in japan ( 14 ) . As other surveies suggested ( 15 ) HH and esophagitis were more park in patients with BE and BE was more prevailing in males and cured ages. In our survey people proposing pyrosis or acerb regurgitation tend to hold BE more than other surveies. In a survey by Breslin et Al. that reported on the findings of endoscopy in 3634 Canadian patients, the prevalence of BE suspected on endoscopy varied from 0.3 % t o 2 % . And merely a minority ( 0.3 % ) was histologically confirmed ( 16 ) . This may be reverberate the prevalence of BE in our country. In our survey 67 % of the endoscopically diagnosed BE were confirmed by histology. This rate is 11 % in another survey ( 17 ) Reflecting the function of endoscopist experience in naming BE.It has been shown that both nightlong continuance and badness of pyrosis are risk factors for the development of glandular cancer of the distal gorge. Patients with BE in the current survey reported dyspepsia symptoms of longer continuance and merely 14.3 % had symptoms for & lt 5 old ages. The fact that BE is a complication of longstanding GERD has been one of the chief grounds behind the recommendation for a once in a life-time endoscopy in patients with GERD symptoms ( 10 ) .DecisionsIn drumhead, the overall prevalence of histologically confirmed BE was 3.7 % in outpatients with indigestion. Patients with dominant symptoms of pyrosis, the prevalence of B E was 13.5 % . These informations should be used in the treatment about the demand for a one time in a life-time endoscopy in patients with dyspeptic symptoms. Our informations suggest that if endoscopy is recommended and should take topographic point at an older age ( such as age & gt 50 old ages ) and in patients with symptoms of & gt 5 old ages continuance as it will increase the output of diagnosing of BE.

Descartes’ Dualism

The c at a timept of Dualism or the theory that there is a divider between the melodic theme and the be is non a novel one. It originated as early as the time of Plato and Aristotle. Rene Descartes concept of Dualism, early(a)wise known as Cartesian Dualism, is considered one of his greatest contributions in the history of ism. He was the initial to argue that the pass is a non-material entity which is distinct and separate from the brain. He overly identified the sound judgment with concepts such as self- aw are(p)ness and self-consciousness. It is widely regarded that the sharp course of study between the sagacity and the form is the most basic fact of our valet de chambre existence.This es hypothesize will focus on Descartes concept of Dualism. The very rears of his philosophy which led him to the theory of dualism will likewise be tackled. Concepts such as Cogito Ergo Sum will in addition be discussed since it serves as the foundation for Cartesian dualism. At the concluding part of this paper, I intend to c any forth my position on Descartes Dualism Descartes Dualism In his work, Meditations, Descartes began his journey by clearing the mind of all the rubbish knowledge that had been handed down from generations to generations. He was aware that the ideas of his contemporaries were all shaped by biases and prejudices.He challenged himself to eliminate these prejudices so that he could arrive at the very foundations of knowledge. He also refused to buy out the Aristotelian and Scholastic philosophy which had dominated the traditional philosophic image finishedout the Medieval Period. (Rene Descartes) He thought that if true(a) knowledge is to be attained wherefore we must start from the very foundation of our knowledge. He thus began his philosophy by doubting everything that he could not be certain(a). Descartes doubted everything around him. He doubted the existence of the physical universe and even his eubstance.He thought that it is very much assertable that he could be frantic to the highest degree the existence of this physical world or his physical self. He even doubted his senses, to wit All that I have, up to this moment, accepted as possessed of the highest truth and certainty, I received either from or through the senses. I observed, yet, that these sometimes misled us and it is the part of prudence not to billet absolute confidence in that by which we have even once been deceived. He cautioned us not to trust everything that our senses tell us since they are deceiving.He even argued that there is a thin line that separates the pass domain from the dreaming pass on meaning, we cannot be actually certain whether as of the moment we are imagining or not. (Bryan Kidd) Descartes argued that on many occasions, he had actually thought that he was awake when in existence he was exclusively dreaming. It is workable, according to him that our whole life could be a dream. He also questioned the tr uths of logic and reason since it is possible that he could be deceived by a demon which has the power to make things appear to be logical.Despite all these skepticisms, Descartes argued that there is one thing that he could be certain of and that is he doubted. The mere fact that he was uncertain whether he is dreaming or awake manifests that he is in a state of doubt. If he doubted then this could only mean that he is calculateing. Because he is thinking, then he is a thinking being. Thus Cogito Ergo Sum or I think therefore I am. This expression summarizes Descartes philosophy. Unlike his contemporaries who adopted the philosophical attitude of skepticism and began to doubt everything, Descartes believed that in reality it is not possible for us to doubt everything.But it is possible to arrive at true knowledge of certain things. Descartes proceeds to argue that he is sure that he has a mind that exists. Since he has a mind that thinks then it follows that the mind could exist separately from the body. He argues that he is sure that he has a mind but he still is not sure about the existence of his body since it is possible for him to be in a state of delusion still. It is possible for him to doubt that his body exists but it is not possible for him to doubt that his mind exists.He then concludes that he has a mind that is distinct from the body. He then proceeds to make a note of hand between the mind and the body. The body is unconscious and is only an extension which takes up room in space while the mind which is conscious and does not take up room. The body is divisible and is subjected to the laws of physical science. The mind, on the other hand, is indivisible and is not subjected to the laws of physical science. We know that the body exists because we can recognize it. On the other hand, we know that the mind exists because of intuition. The Argument for Mind/ proboscis Dualism Descartes) Despite these differences, however, Descartes is assured af ter sufficient reflection that the body exists because beau ideal gave us sufficient senses of perception and the capacity to distinguish what is real from what is not. In Meditation VI, Descartes states that For there can be no doubt that immortal possesses the power of producing all the objects I am able distinctly to conceive, and I never considered anything impossible to him, unless when I experienced a contradiction in the attempt to conceive it aright.Further, the faculty of imagination which I possess, and of which I am conscious that I make use when I apply myself to the good will of material things, is sufficient to persuade me of their existence. The fundamental problem with dualism is how does the mind, which is non material and is not subjected to the laws of nature, interact with the body, which is material and is subjected to the laws of nature. It is a reality that the mind is able to entice and affect the body.The same is true with the body which can affect the mind. Descartes seek this solve this problem in his letter to Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine, he explained that there is an organ that links the mind from the body which is the pineal secretor, a small gland in the center of the brain. With the help of this gland, the mind can control the body by sending signals to the body which enables it to walk, run or sit. Descartes emphasized however that the end goal of man is for reason to get control of the body.Since the body is associated with passions and feelings it is important for the mind to take control so that it will be able to behave rationally and rise above the needs of the body. Comments on Descartes Philosophy Descartes flirtation with the Mind and Body problem is a prickly issue which is full of complications. This is because scientific evidence itself is against this view. They consider that that the mind and the body are only one thing.From the scientists point of view, what Descartes called as the activities in the mind which is caused by non-material processes is actually caused by the neurological and chemical reactions in the brain. Nevertheless, I fully argue with his concept of dualism. The mind is not simply a result of the chemical reactions in the brain. Consciousness and self-awareness are concepts that are beyond the capacity of the material body to comprehend. Also, I believe in the immortality of the forgiving soul which is the theory that the soul continues to exist even after it is separate from the body.The dualism of Descartes sufficiently explains why the soul continues to exist after the person dies and why it is not affected by the processes in the body. On Descartes theory that it is backbreaking to determine whether one is awake or sound asleep, I risk the same to be very objectionable. I believe that if a person is thinking, perceiving, feeling, drawing inferences and making conclusions then one can be certain that he is awake and that he is not dreaming. Acc ording to Descartes, on several(prenominal) occasions, he had actually thought that he was awake when in reality he was merely dreaming.I believe that it is erroneous for one to say that one cannot tell the difference between being in a state of dream and being awake. Indeed it is not possible to state that a person is awake when he is really asleep hardly because when one is reflecting or thinking then he is not asleep. It would not be possible for a person to think when he is sleeping or dreaming. When one feels something then it is not possible for him to be dreaming. Indeed, experiencing the sensations of trouble oneself and pleasure are manifestations that one is awake and is not dreaming.

Modernist Styles, Including Cubism, Orphism, and Futurism

Modernist styles, including Cubism, Orphism, and Futurism ch each(prenominal) told(prenominal)enged the practices of handed- see figurative graphics. I will argue that goingbrickist styles including Cubism, Orphism and Futurism did scrap the practices of tralatitious depictive graphics. eyepatch to a greater extent or less may argue that that the fact that youthful styles were bear on with theatre of operations gives doubt to how challenging they materially were to depictive imposture I oppose this estimation entirely. All cheat is naturalistic in s everal(prenominal) way.Rather than a dismissing the c one timept of representation in stratagem the red-brickist styles challenged the validity of the remote representation, which had previously en the foundation of cheat, by focusing on archetypeual representation. Traditional representational art is based on the representation of an run across as it is, at a fixed point in time, from a singular viewpoint. This type of art aimed to be entirely familiar to the dish the theatres involved easily perceptible and derived from sources of man.Mel Gooding, in his book Abstract fine art defines representational art as any mode of representation in mental go out and sculpture that offers the warmness the phantasy of a perceived reality. I would expand on this definition to include art that aims to render n jut true to life(predicate)ally from a fixed viewpoint at a specific point in time. Based on these definitions, it is evident that Cubism, Orphism and Futurism spurned traditionalistic concepts and conventions as these could non portray the conceptual representation modern art was concerned with.It is evident in the gives produced by the creative persons associated with these go onments that they do a conscious decision to expand what was acceptable in art by challenging the artistic techniques and practices of representational art that had been adhered to for hundreds of year s. The doorway of untried media, impertinently concepts of outer quadriceps and discrepancy and new techniques tit vague and semblance were all innovative and strong shipway to display gos of the gentlemans gentleman in ways that werent bound by traditional artistic conventions.These new conventions were provided able to set virtually beca drop modernist artists consciously sought radically new ways to represent their experience of the world. Modern art at this time was all round stimulating the experience of a field by characterization its essence finished new artistic conventions. In this way these modern diddles challenged the more objective representational art by stripping new concepts of reality that did non involve the burden of realism. The artist Delaney explained this as historically there was a change of understanding, hence of techniques, of modes of seeing. In some ways these artists were set free from the burden of realism by the plan of the came ra, which could render an mental encounter perfectly. They were given the freedom to portray their understanding of an image, not how it is observed. New modernist styles marked a change in the definition of what reality pulled through art really was, moving away from the traditional illusionists opthalmic mimicry to a more conceptual and internal representation. This mentation was first random variableally established by Maurice Urinal an art critic and finishing friend of many of the artists involved in these modern movements.He stated that if art is a meaner of augmenting knowledge, its function will only be served by exposure forms as they ar conceived in the mind. I will argue that this conceptual form of art is more intellectually stimulating due to its complexness than the blatancy of figurative art. This is a sentiment that abstract artists wished to express and the reason they challenged the traditions of art at all. I will set out in my assertion how the innovat ive theatrical role of artistic conventions by modernist artists proves that the practices of traditional representational art were rejected.It was only through this purposeful rejection of traditional representational art to a truer, more conceptual representation that the innovative concepts associated with these modernist styles were able to develop and this tag the development of modern art into abstraction. Space and form All deuce-ace styles, Cubism, Orphism and Futurism show a bright seat and form which would be unrecognizable to traditional representational art.. Although theses three modern styles varied, the industrial plant involved all occupied a new and more complex pace.Mel Gooding explains this as a trend in modern art away from the representation of recognizable objects in pictorial space and towards presentation of a painting or sculpture as a real object in real space. Up until this time the pictorial space raised in the art run away aimed to create the il lusion of a real pictorial space for the spectator. The technique of one point perspective which was very oft adhered to during the renaissance created a space in the picture which vanished into a single point in put in to replicate the three dimensionality of our vision.This coupled with the use of shading and toning to punctuate the weight of form worked to create the illusion of looking into a realistic space. The use of formal conventions such as perspective and tone are illusionists and therefore they were abandoned by these modern artists who were inspired to achieve a more conceptual representation of space and form. For cause, Baroque said of Cubism What close to attracted me and what was the governing principle of Cubism, was the materialistic of this new space which I sensed. The art movement of Cubism was in fact sparked by the idea f exploring a new anti naturalistic space which can be seen to be developed and refined throughout the phases of cubism. The driving for ce behind the sampleations with form that developed cubism was the rejection of the deceptive singular viewpoint perspective which governed the illusionist of representational art. Initially the search for a new, more truthful pictorial space was found in the introduction of time, the fourth dimension, into space.Around this time in narrative the concept that space and time where interlinked was suggested by Einstein theory of relativity which destroyed the concept that the dimensions of an object were absolute, by demonstrating that they depended on the relative aspect of the mantrap. This abstract concept was portrayed in Cubism through the use of synthesized impressions of an image or space. As you view an image or object, your impression is not static yet a moving collection of impressions over time. The use of multiple viewpoints aimed to compress a multiplicity of information gathered from diverse experiences of an object into one image.This innovation off truer space is most ostensibly portrayed by the analytic phase of Cubism. Through the incorporation of the new artistic conventions the fragmentation of form was developed. The intention was to encompass the entire visual experience of an object into one image and through this idea an effective technique of breaking up form into planes and facets which each expressed a sample of visual information. The Cubist works now possessed a shallow pictorial space due to the abandonment of perspective on which these fragmented facets could be hung.This concept worked not to bring the viewer into an illusionists space like traditional representational works, besides to accentuate the flatness of the picture plane in order to bring the space forward to the viewer for hem to experience its analysis of the image and to stimulate those sensations provided by the experience of the objects. In Futurism the concept of time in an image was portrayed by movement. This inclusion of time as a meaner of transforming the static imagery once associated with art into a capturing of movement created a new optical and laic space.Futurists were also interested in the use of fragmentation of form to challenge the idea of a fixed viewpoint that was used in representational art. However, they developed this idea further and produced works which puzzled the idea of movement in a way that was not possible wrought traditional conventions. They achieved this through the use of rhythmic repetitions of space and form which is effective in evolving a static image into one which is in constant motion. Evidence of all of these ideas can be seen in artworks associated with all three of these modernist art styles.One of my favored illustrations is Marcel Duchesss Nude Descending a Staircase No. 2. This work portrays the mechanical movement of a nude figure as it moves down a staircase. The form is put one over up of the synthesis of various static positions of the nude as it is in motion and Leary expresses the idea of form ever-changing over time. The form consists of layers of superimposed facets and angular planes which is evidence of cubist ideals of space and form. At the same time the still phases of the form placed in succession create the effect of a fluid movement, this is an illustration of the fantast need to recreate the visual experience of motion.These ideas coupled with the mechanised and nearly robotic form of the image alludes to the Futurists focus on industrialization of the world. The painting was initially rejected by the hanging committee of the Salon des Independents exposition in Paris. Their reasoning for this was a nude never descends a staircase a nude always reclines. The fact that Decamp was not adhering to traditional conventions was not accepted at this time. Many found the painting indistinct because they did not recognize the figure at face value.But this was Duchesss intention to delimitate representation in art. Today the art work is treasured as a symbol of the innovative practices associated with these modern styles. Light and pre focus traditionally light and seeming were artistic conventions used to create those optical delusions prerequisite to form a realistic image. The light source in a representational work would be realistic and consistently come from one light source. Color was used only as a putz for word-painting the effects of light on form through shade and tone.This toning gave form the weight and the illusion of three dimensions. However, in modern art the illusion of the description of form and the natural effect of light on an image was no longer a concern. Orphism changed how color was viewed as a tool for portrayal. This was a movement that found significance in the symphony of sensations that color are able to stimulate when crafted together. Because modernist artists no longer wanted to be confined to naturalism they were free to experiment with the effect of the relationships of color.This inv olved the color theory of lineing and complementary colourize and the optimum placement of these colors together to enhance hues. Delaney, a key Orphism artist was able to develop these color techniques from his studies of a chemist, Michael-Eugene Chevrons treatise, On the Law of the Simultaneous Contrast of Colors. This treatise dealt with the concept that a color is observed differently according to its surrounding colors. An example of a modern work based upon the use of the application of color techniques is Homage to Bibelot by Robert Delaney.This work contains various gamin forms all made up of highly organized bright block colors. The colors of these circular forms, which are mostly primary, are surrounded by a flat coat of opposing colors such as a yellow, green and red image surrounded by blue, red and green respectively. It is this complete contrast which illuminates the effect of the colors to a point where they are so much more successful in their specific function when Juxtaposed in this purposeful way. It is not only this illumination that the use of these color techniques create but a pictorial space.A depth is created by the advancing and move back of colors according to their characteristics. These techniques had not been used in traditional representational art and are another example of how these abstract artists redefined accepted artist conventions. Media The use of different media is also an example of the development of new practices in the art world which stemmed from the rejection of traditional practices. During the Cubist movement the introduction of new media was achieved through collage, eliding the purposeful rejection of the observed for the conceptual.Cubist artists began to incorporate new materials into their works such as strips of newspaper or wallpaper. This innovation was a monumental step away from traditional art. Picasso Still Life with Chair beat up consists of sections of a kitchen scene, a knife, a lemon a gl ass. Within the painting Picasso has also incorporated a section of chair caning model oil cloth. Instead of portraying the image of a chair Picasso chose to use something that would stimulate the viewers experience of the object.The cloth as significance in the work because the viewer can relate it to the image of a chair without the image of a chair being displayed. Picasso is no longer concerned about displaying any illusionists craftsmanship he found a material that would discharge the image he wished to portray and chose to incorporate it into the work. As a result, the solid purpose of art was challenged it was no longer to replicate an external reflectivity realistically but to portray the essence of an image through pictorial clues.The images in a work may have meaning but when a foreign material is introduced it has the ability to change those meanings. For example a glass cut from newspaper confusingly raises two images in the mind. Picasso explains this example If a n ewspaper can become a bottle, that gives us something to bring forward about in connection with both newspapers and bottles, too. This displaced object has entered a foundation for which it was not made and where it retains, in a measure, its strangeness.And this strangeness was what we wanted to make people think about because we were quite aware that our world was worthy very strange and not exactly reassuring. This peculiarity propels the mind on a higher take aim. The evolution of art to involve new media is a natural progression by an art movement which aims to confront the conventions of representational art and to create works which stimulate a higher level of perception than ever before. Picasso also says in the same statement about the introduction of new media We didnt any longer want to fool the eye we wanted to fool the mind. This idea pretty much sums up the consentaneous purpose of these modern works. Subject Even the subject social occasion itself in these form s of art worked to separate itself from traditional subjects. Many works incorporated images that would activate memories f the more mundane, relatable experiences of life. It is evident that the artists involved in these styles were challenging the idea that art had to be a glorification of something, such as the scriptural frescoes often associated with traditional art or a work that aimed to be pretty.This introduction of everyday life into art effectively broadened the accessibility of art to everyday people. It was no longer a craft only available by those with the ability to render the illusion of realism perfectly, it was open to anyone who wished to capture the conceptual essence of a subject through art. It is this idea which pop art making. For cubists, subject was a platform onto which experiments with space and form could be conducted. This isnt to say that subject wasnt still taken into consideration.The easily relatable subject matter in these works was a purposeful decision in order to make the portrayal of the desired experiences easier. This was initially a playful experiment by the artists who developed these abstract artistic conventions due to the fact that they enjoyed exploring the tension between apparent abstraction and suggested representation. Their new conceptual ideals had lead to the deformation and abstraction of the subject matter but they incorporated artistic clues to evoke the image of the object..By viewing modern works associated with these styles and considering what they seek to express, it is apparent that different representational art which relies on observation, the subject is not fixed but is instead based on individual and unique encounters. The work ripe has to present itself and the spectator becomes the decider of the meanings of the subject. In this sense the fact that a subject of a modern work could e open to interpretation and is not obvious, modernist art styles transcended the level of intellectuality t hat figurative art could produce.Modern works were free to move away for the burden of only being able to portray discernible images. In terms of Orphism and Futurism these movements aspired to move away from the external manifestations of human life. While Futurism chose to focus on the force of a kinetic subject, Orphism broke subject down into the lyricism of color. These modern artists felt that they were able to employ the dynamic forces of life such as speed and movement as the subject of a work. The inspiration for this sort of subject matter was inspired by the new technology fuelled age which was more exciting and dynamic than ever before.Because of this changing world the artists were living in they felt the need to express their excitement about life through art. This meaner that the fixed images of settings, people or landscapes associated with representational art was abandoned. Many futurist works portrayed mechanized and robotic figures or symbols of industrializat ion and technology immersed in some sort of movement. In conclusion, modernist styles including Cubism, Orphism and Futurism challenged he practices of traditional representational art by creating art which was more conceptual and internally driven.This focus on conceptual representation of a subject lead to the development of new ideas about space, form, color, light, and media and how these conventions come together to portray a subject. This redefinition of representation is evident in the works produced by these modernist artists. In the search for the ability to portray more truthfully modern artists created an art form which was more intellectually intriguing than art the world had seen before By Yachtsmen And

Servicescape in the frazier museum and the louisville free public library

emolumentscape is defined as, the environment in which the service is delivered and where the firm and the guest interact. (Baker and Cameron 1996) It encompasses several(prenominal) factors related to the spoken communication of service which includes all the physical, behavioral, and emotional aspects that band services delivery. However, with each type of service, non-homogeneous factors must be considered in order to gauge the quality of the servicescape in the delivery of the said service.For instance, the delivery of services of the Frazier Museum and the Louisville Public Library are distinct in several slipway. Although both companies deliver educational and informational services to the market place, they have different ways of delivering the said services to their clients.The Frazier Museum allows its visitors to take a peek into American History. It allows its visitors to generalise and value better the various events that have shaped the country to what it is toda y. The museum delivers much(prenominal) service through different ways. For one, there are exhibition halls where fundamental and valuable artifacts are on display. Also, the museum provides its patrons with various interpretation exhibitions of different historical events. Advance audio-visual equipment are also a vital ingredient in the delivery of the museums services for it tops the experience more synergistic.On the early(a) hand, the Louisville Free Public Library employs traditional methods to deliver the information unavoidably of its clients. The library is well-equipped with the necessary tools in order to provide its clients with the information that they seek. respective(a) collections of books are the primary sources of information that the library delivers but these are supplemented with various audio-visual equipment. Furthermore, the library classifies its constituents depending on the user.This means that there is a childrens section which contains materia ls devoted solely to children. Also, the library provides various tools to ensure that their handicapped and alter patrons still get to enjoy the librarys services. Although the library provides a complete range of services, it lacks in ways by which they can cajole more users and visitors.This is where the Frazier Museum has the advantage. The museum constantly seeks ways of improving its servicescape so as to take up more visitors. Also, it constantly changes in order to make the experience of visit the museum more enjoyable and fruitful each and every time.The Frazier Museum has the advantage everywhere the Louisville Public Library when one considers the servicescape of each. The museum has the ability to give its visitors the experience that they loss when the visit. Moreover, the museum is able to incite the patriot within each visitor and make him realize again the profound history of the very nation to which he belongs to.As earlier mentioned, the emotional factor is a vital component in servicescape. Furthermore, since the museums main target market is composed of tourists and students, in particular kids, it is able to ensure that the experience is enjoyable through various interactive tools. In other words, the environment in delivering the services of the museum is inline with its target market by addressing the needs of the said market. Finally, the dynamic environment of the museum ensures that it is able to adjust itself depending on the changing needs of its target market.ReferenceBaker, J. and Cameron, M. (1996), The Effects of the Service Environment on Affect and Consumer Perception of Waiting Time An integrative Review and Research Propositions, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 24, Number 4,

The Glass Castle

Maureen is often forgotten through place the entire story of The Glass move written by Jeannette W each tolds. We be very tragically reminded of Maureens strawman when she stabs her own mother while living in naked as a jaybird York. Reflecting behind to the beginning of the story, we depose see why Maureen has a mental breakdown. She is innate(p) into a world of violence, her parents fail to care for her, and she lives her entire puerility in neglect. The announcement that Mary is pregnant seems to be thrown into this story as if Walls forgot to include the part in the first place.Rex is holding a logical argument at the gypsum mine and Mary makes sculptures out of the excess dust that Rex brings home. except as it seems that things are taking a positive turn, it is told that Mary is pregnant. normally a family (depending on the circumstance) is happy to be bringing a tender baby into this world, but the Walls family sees this pregnancy as more of a burden. non to mention , Rex and Mary cannot even decide on how far along in the pregnancy they are. Before Maureen is even born, Rex and Mary stick out into a vast fight in the dessert.Mary exits the car in which the fight embark ons, and Rex chases after Mary. Walls writes, Rex corner Mary against some rocksRex dragged Mary back, legs flailing, and threw Mary into the car (43). This occurrence is not justifiable in any case, but on top of this, Mary is pregnant and Maureen is put into peachy danger. Sadly, this proves that Maureen will be born into a very hostile environment. iii months after Maureen is born, the Walls family is in their car when a law of nature officer tries to back off them over for not having any brake lights.Rex says that if they do get pulled over, they would all be arrested because their car is not registered and does not bring forth any insurance. This results in a car chase during which Maureen is literally tossed around. There is not in reality a car seat for Maureen a nd her life is put in the work force of Jeannette. No newly born baby should be exposed to this causa of violence, but these instances continue to grow worse and worse throughout Maureens life. As Maureen grows up, she is forced to fend for herself. Mary and Rex seem almost non-existent in Maureens life.though Maureen does still have her siblings, it seems that she is disconnected from her family. Every once in a while, Mary decides that Maureen deserves special turnment and will go out and steal clothes for Maureen, but other than that, it is not until the family is living in Welch that Maureen really makes an appearance. Rex keeps up his drinking habit, and is not bringing any bills in for the family. Mary is forced to stop her artistic projects and get a job. Lori, Jeannette, and Brian all get jobs too, whether they be working for a paper or little odd jobs, and this is how the family just barely gets by each week.Maureen on the other hand does not get a job, but kind of lea rns to make friends. Walls writes, Maureen would show up at their houses around dinner-time (173). Because of making profound friends, Maureen does not even have to worry about(predicate) working for her food. though the jobs that the rest of the family members have benefit everyone, Maureen only worries about herself. In all reality, fending for her self is really all that Maureen can do. Rex and Mary are neer there for her, and Lori, Jeannette, and Brian can only do so much for Maureen because they can barely provide for themselves.While the Walls family is living in Welch, big dreams are created and the children induce ideas of how to get themselves out of Welch. Lori and Jeannette want to move to New York, go to college, and start a new career and life. Brian is not really worried about where he goes, but he does want to become a police officer, and overly does not want to be stuck in Welch the rest of his life. Maureen also creates a dream of her own, and wants nothing mor e than to go back to California. Though Maureen was young when her and her family lived in California, this is the only place that she wanted to go.Jeannette and Lori tell Maureen of the prominent times that they had in California and explain to Maureen that she has such blonde pilus because of all the gold in California, and blue eyes because of the ocean. Maureen responds, California is where Im exhalation to live when I grow up explains Walls (207). The stories that Jeannette and Lori tell are responsible for Maureens dream to go back to California. However, it seems that Maureen takes after her parents, and struggles to sate her dream. While Lori, Jeannette, and Brian go off and start their new lives, Maureen is stuck back in Welch.Lori and Jeannette decide that Maureen should move to New York with them, so they make arrangements and Maureen goes to live with Lori, and begins going to college. Things are going great up until Rex and Mary move to New York. It is at this time that Maureen seems to give up on her schooling. After Lori kicks her out, Maureen spends her eld living with Rex and Mary in a squatter apartment. She wastes her days away(p) by smoking cigarettes, reading, painting, and sometimes just sleeping away the day.Jeannette tries to attend Maureen by talking to a doctor, but because Maureen refuses treatment, the doctors can only treat Maureen through a court order proving she is a danger to herself or others. Because she has hit rock bottom and because the rest of her family was fulfilling their happiness, Maureen has a mental break. Maureen rattling stabs her mother, and ends up being jailed for an entire year. To get away from her family and her low-pitched life, Maureen buys a ticket to get her self to California, and starts her new life there.After a lifetime of being stuck in the cycle of the Walls family, Maureen is finally going to get the chance to fulfill her dreams. Throughout the story of The Glass Castle, it is obvious th at Maureen is ofttimes forgotten about. So many things lead to Maureens mental breakdown she is born into a world of violence, her parents fail to care for her, and she endures a childhood of neglect. If Maureen were not always lost in the shadows of her siblings, and dreams of her parents, her mental breakdown could have been compromised.

Managing First-Line Patient Care

It is in truth important to keep the forbearings clean. Ill people would rather trouble or so coping to their illness than to toilete, brush teeth, and stay clean. That is why nurses should light upon the patients whether they can clean themselves and facilitate them if necessary, especi entirelyy in bathrooming bathing tubing.Hydrotherapy plays a vital role in managing acute and chronic diseases. Proper big(p) of bath put ups a tonic, eliminative, and antipyretic action. The essence of large bath is non just to keep the patients clean, still as well as to reduce temperature, to stimulate their body, and to bedevil them relax. (Crawford, 1910)To stimulate patients, cold bath is advisable. When the patient needs to be relaxed, beca engage of jitteriness or anxiety, a unassailable bath should be provided. If the patients temperature is increasing and needs to be reduced, either warm bath or cold bath should be app delusiond depending on the case. (Crawford, 1910)Warm bath will definitely help in reducing the stench of sweating and will provide freshness. If the patient is at the height of fever, bath is non advisable, especially the cold bath. Moreover, regular bath or cold sponging is not suitable for patients who are sick, bed ridden and elderly but a warm sponge bath can be applied instead. (Kakkilaya, 2003)Hygiene is really individualized, and individuals invests of keeping themselves clean may vary fit to ones culture or religion. It is very important to pull the patients meet their personal needs rather than to carry out criterion routines. And also, the patients beliefs and privacy should also be respected.Patients may be bathed daily in the hospital but if the patient has a dry out skin, bathing should be limited to once or twice a week to avoid further drying out of his skin. (World health Organization, 2005)For patients who can walk of life may be assisted by the nurse or family members to the squander or tub. Prepare a ch air in the bathroom for the patient to sit on. Help the patient to wash and dry off, and in pose on clothes.In doing a bed bath, make sure all the doors and windows are closed, to protect the patients privacy. Prepare the basin of warm wet, soap, clothes, bath blankets, and towels. Cleanse the face, ears, and neck. Next is the right arm, hand and axilla geminate with left arm. thence cleanse the chest area. Lastly, cleanse the legs and feet of the patient. Change the bath water once or twice. After bathing, change the bed linen. (World Health Organization, 2005)Next, I will discuss another bath procedure for patients called the virulent Sitz can, also known as the Hip Bath. This is done to relieve muscle contraction, to alleviate exudates, to speed up suppuration process and healing, and to lessen congestion and provide relief in the perineal area. This is applicable for patients with hemorrhoids. (pobisnar, 2006)Do not use warm water if the patient already shows a attribute of congestion. Monitor the patient is getting weak or fainting during the bath.When the patient has been mystifyed in the tub or chair check if the thighs and legs are being pressured. run the back of the patient all through out the bath. (pobisnar, 2006)Use the discriminate tub for the size of the patient, to make him comfortable while taking a bath. Prepare towels and bathmat, bath blanket, inflatable ring, and clean clothes. Prepare the linen in the bathroom. Only one-third of the tub should be filled with water. Check the temperature of water with bare hands, temperature of water should be between 105F and cxF (40.5C to 43.3C).Check all the necessary towels and inflatable rings, making sure these are just within reach to save period and effort. Make certain the patient is informed what the whole procedure is about and how it will be done. Then instruct the patient to undress, especially the hep is exposed. Before he goes into the tub, use a thermometer first and check the temperature of the water. A temperature of 43-46 C will create relaxation while a temperature of 34-37 C will help promote healing of wound. (pobisnar, 2006)Support the patient and position him appropriately. Make sure he is comfortable in his position. Put the bath sheet around the patients shoulders and wrap the ends over the tub to keep him away from chilling. In case the patients check over warrants, particularly when he is already vomiting, his skin is paling, and the pulse rate becomes faster, resolution the bath.Warm water can be added to maintain the desired temperature but make sure the water is agitated by stirring it as hot water and added to prevent burns. Never leave the patient unaccompanied to ensure security of the patient. After fifteen to thirty minutes of bathing, assist the patient out of the tub, help him dry himself and cover him satisfactorily. Let him lie down to rest until normal circulation returns. (pobisnar, 2006)The concept of giving bath is very nec essary for nursing students, one of the basic concepts they should learn first for their careers. though anyone, even not under the medicine field may also learn the decorous procedure of giving bath to patients.Now, how these procedures can be effectively taught? People have unalike learning traits. We have different ways to absorb knowledge based on our personality and personal experiences.Basically, there are four types of adult bookmans The commonsense learner, the dynamic learner, the advance(a) learner, and the analytical learner. The common sense learner must first practice and integrate the concepts into experience. The dynamic learner likes teaching himself and shares his knowledge with others. The innovative learner asks for reasons for learning and finds personal meaning in the instructions. Lastly, the analytical learner should be provided with information then integrates them, reflecting on concepts with applications programme analysis. (Evans, 2007)First, present th e concept using visual aids such as power point presentation, and so on Explain what is being taught and why the concept should be taught. Explain its application (the correct methods and rationale behind the procedures) and the opportunity to practice whether they can do it or not, especially for the students under innovative and analytical type. Then, prepare an military action related to the subject matter to make them experience the concept. For example, you can use a dummy to show the actual procedures or prepare a video clip of a professional practicing the concepts for proper presentation.Then give them a chance to practice it for themselves. Train them, until they all get the proper procedure. Interact with the participants, and focus on students who belong to the innovative learner type. Then solicit feedback and conduct a group evaluation to know how uttermost they have learned from you. Teaching means communicating skills and knowledg, verbally giving instructions and offering presentations. Your students knowledge will depend on your strength to teach. (Evans, 2007)Works Cited Crawford, M. L. (1910). Why, When, and How to Bathe a Fever Patient. The American Journal of breast feeding , 314-317.Evans, P. (2007, March 13). The adult learner Training your labor force. Retrieved October 04, 2007, from http//www.thefabricator.com/ShopManagement/ShopManagement_Article.cfm?ID=1577Kakkilaya, D. B. (2003). Is Bathing Contraindicated in Fever? Retrieved October 04, 2007, from Rational Medicine Org http//www.rationalmedicine.org/bath.htmpobisnar. (2006). Nursing Procedure Hot Sitz Bath (Hip Bath). Retrieved October 04, 2007, from Nurses Diary http//nursediary.pid.com.ph/p16.htmWorld Health Organization. (2005). Daily feel for of the Patient. Retrieved October 04, 2007, from WHO site http//www.wpro.who.int/internet/files/pub/85/33-49.pdf

No child left behind Essay

No pincer Is odd shadow (NCLB) is a national incur act of 2001 which was proposed by the hencece president, George W. Bush immediately after beingnessness inaugurated in to the White House. This legal framework was aimed at ensuring that the primary and indirect raising system was ameliorate by advocating for increase right and foil in its management. It further focused on the training system increased the flexibility on how pargonnts discharge choose the learning institution their siblings go forth attend. This paper provides a broad overview of the act and it includes its history, scope, player selectd chall(a)enges, among different issues.Brief discussion of the relevant history The law was authored by canful Boehner and Judd Gregg, a representative and a senator respectively from the Republican Party and George moth miller and Edward Kennedy, a senator respectively from the Democratic Party. It was then signed by G. W. Bush. Beside aiming at improving the d oing primary and secondary study and change magnitude accountability, breakd the focus on development and re-authored the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Act. The act was brought onwards in the 107th congress whereby it was passed in the House of Representatives and US senate on 2001, may 23rd and 2004, June 14th respectively.It was later signed in to law on 2002, January 8th. Scope The act was brought to the lime light after realization the graphic symbol of the discipline being offered was directly affecting the students, parents and all the citizens at large. At the inter home(a) level, since the man was becoming a global village as a result of globalization, the bore of knowledge needed to purifyd since more than of the the Statesns children had little hope in the future due to graduate(prenominal) levels of illiteracy and low self esteem (self doubt).The act was of paramount essence since the US, the world largest economy needed to produce intellectuals that would transform America and the globe at large. Context (historical, political, economic, social) At the time George W. Bush introduced this blueprint, he noted that though the American was entering the 21st century with a lot of hollo and hope, many of the children who were in need of study support and aid were being ignored and thereby left around. 70% of the fourth graders residing in the inner city could not read or even pass the national reading trial which involved the elementary level of education.The senior high school student in other parts of the world, S come forwardh Africa and Cyprus to be specific perform very unwell on the international maths test. Almost a 1/3 of the college freshmen of American origin take compulsory remedial courses prior to initiating the regular college level courses It is the responsibility of the parents, nominate and all the citizens to en sure that fictitious character education is guaranteed for all the American children in order to have a bright future.This has not been the case and the joined Sates Federal Government is to be blamed for condoning the poor results and failing to treat the failure in the education system. The federal government has controlled the Americans, schools since through education policies since 1965 when the first major initiative on the elementary secondary was undertaken. Since then the federal government has established so many course of studys/ projects geared towards facilitation of prize education. A major drawback for these programs is that the results have not been analyzed to evaluate whether the programs happen upon their objectives or not.Another factor for the failure of the programs is that they are formulated by the congress and the topical anesthetics are not consulted, as a result, local people education unavoidably are not addressed. There have been programs that are formulated for every one education program and this had led to a pile of programs across the federa l sound outs. These programs costed the federal government hundred billions each year but quality of education on the other glove has been falling since the objectives are not being realized. This has resulted to a wide and an increasing gap between the rich and the poor in America.Faced with this dilemma, rough citizens have proposed that the federal government should not be involved the education sector. Another proportion of the population suggests that the new programs should be added to the old education system. , the federal government was therefore required to come up with potent programs and projects which would restore confidence in to the American education system. After a braining search of the outflank option, the federal government came up with the No kidskin is Left back polity which would transform the American education system.During the sign language of the bill, the then US president, George W. Bush said Weve got large challenges here in America. Theres no greater challenge than to make sure that every child and all of us on this stage hatch every child, not just a few children, every single child, regardless of where they live, how theyre raised, the income level of their family, every child receive a first-class education in America. Individuals/agencies involved including a discussion of the major decision makersThe No Child is Left bottom of the inning policy would involve a number of parties in order to transform the American education system, these entities include o The teachers o The parents o The local citizens o The federal government The teachers leading be involved in ensuring the No Child is Left Behind policy work. They will be trained to improve their quality. The schools that will perform nearly will be recognizeed while those not achieving the expected results will be sanctioned. The federal government is expected to memory the training of school teachers and improve the schools in general.The parents are re quired to oversee the performance of their children and at the same time access more selective information concerning the performance of his/her child from the school administration. Additional funds will be provided to the state and district schools by so that they can become more flexible. The local society is required to tick off that it provide a conducive learning environment so that the students can utilize their potential to the outstrip of their capability (Hammond 2007). Major stakeholders involved (who the policy/issue affects, who has an interest in the policy)Among the major stakeholders who will be involved and will be unnatural by the NCLB will include the students, the teachers, parent, the local authorities and the federal government. The teachers will be required to play a crucial role in ensuring that the gap between the poor and rich is closed by ensuring that they advance high standards and accountability, offering annual academic assessment to children whi ch will then be evaluated by the parents. The teachers are further required to give reading a priority.The parents are expected to work fast with the teachers so that they can assist in progress of the children education. The parents flexibility and option for schools will excessively increase. The local authorities are expected to guarantee the teacher protection, enhance school safety, rescue the schools from the schools that are not safe and advocate for use education. o The federal government is expected to provide funds and reward to the well playacting schools and states in terms of accountability and transparency.The government will overly give the teachers some initiatives like tax deduction in order to promote their performance. The role public administrators play in the policy/issue The public administers are expected to ensure that the funds provided by the federal government are utilized in the most high-octane was possible while at the same time making certain( a) that they reach the targeted entities. The public administrators are further expected to evaluate the performance of the school.They should also give feedback to the federal government on matter concerning the strength of the No Child is Left Behind policy in meeting the academic needs of the American people (Samier, et, al, 2008). Policy alternatives and solutions Currently this is the best education program that has been formulated in the US. Proper implementation of the program will ensure that it becomes perfect since it will be evaluated from time to time. disciplinary measure will be put in place to ensure that the expected results are achieved. Challenges facing policy implementation and solutionThe policy is faced with a number of challenges prior to its implementation. One of major connoisseur is on the use of standards to gauge the performance of the states and schools. The schools or each state can lower their standards so that they cam purport to have improved in their performance. This is because each state has the capacity to set its own standards. This means that the incentives and penalties (sanctions) provided by the government would end up on the hand of wrong persons. This job therefore calls for standardization of the examination if at all there is an expectancy of correct unbiased results (Uzzell (2005).The use of standardized within states reduced the quality of education since the teachers teach the test to ensure that the students performs well in the schools. They, teachers, further teach the areas that are expected to be tested in the lowest standard exams. The standardized tests are also against Individuals With Disabilities Education Act. The tests have also been condemned of promoting cultural bias since different culture value certain skills than others. To subdue this kind of bias, the policy of standardized test should be re-evaluated in perspicaciousness and a sustainable standard established (Abernathy 2007).The i ssue of offering incentives to the schools playing poorly enables the schools to continue performing poorly. The schools that are rewarded after performing well in the standards test is likely to push out the poorly performing students so that hey can maintain the standards. In order to ensure that the poorly performing schools improve they should be offered with technical expertise and not monetary resources. The top performing schools on the other hand should be closely monitored to ensure that the poor students are not expelled on academic grounds.The No Child is Left Behind policy focuses manly on the eye subjects, that is English and Mathematics, this has made the student to improve in these two subjects while the other broader education is lost. This therefore requires the NCLB policy to be considerate of other skills and subjects to ensure that education meets its purpose (Menken 2008). Importance of the No Child is Left Behind policy Its enables the children to understand the policies that have been implemented in the efforts to improve the quality of education in order to face the global challenges in bold.Precisely, the understanding of this policy enables a person to understand the existing education policys roots, challenges and its core values. This policy is also an indication of the federal government interest in leading the global by providing its citizens with quality education which will ensure that the illiteracy level decreases significantly. The policy also explains in details the expected level of participation by all the parties involved in ensuring that it is a success. The policy also explains the importance of the accountability and transparency for any program or policy to succeed (Peterson, et, al, 2003).Overview of the crucial values Irrespective of the stake holders involved in implementing this policy, is of great substance to evaluate the important values of the No Child is Left Behind policy. This policy is expected to o R esult to grades for tests o General emolument of all the standards o Increased accountability of all resources in the schools o Creating opportunity for the minority groups o General improvement of the quality of education o Offering the parent the option to select school for children o Guarantying of the federal funding ConclusionThough the change is well formulated, it needs to be cleansed off some of the issues that are raising eyebrows. It needs to be refined to address all the children depending on their needs. The policy provides clearly diminutive guidelines which will ensure that the quality of the education system in America greatly improves to solve the ever increasing global challenges. While canvas the old and the new education programs, this new NCLB is likely to have mend results since it focus on all the children with emphasis on the children from the minority groups.The local population, citizens and the federal government should ensure that the proper implementa tion and evaluation is carried out to make certain that the best results are achieved. As time passes by, a research should be carried out to find out area or clauses that need to be changed for upgrading of the programs.References Abernathy Scott Franklin (2007) No Child Left Behind and the commonplace Schools, Michigan, University of Michigan Press, (pp 130-149). Hammond Linda D. (2007) Evaluating No Child Left Behind retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, in stock(predicate) at http//www. thenation.com/doc/20070521/darling-hammond Menken Kate (2008) English Learners Left Behind Standardized interrogatory as Language Policy, NY, Multilingual Matters Press (pp 118-140) Samier Eugenie Angele, Stanley Adam (2008) Political Approaches to educational Administration and Leadership, NY, Routledge, (pp 139-154) Peterson Paul E. , West Martin R. (2003) No Child Left Behind? The Politics and Practice of School Accountability, Brookings, Brookings Institution Press, (pp13-14) Smith Marilyn C ochran (2004) Walking the itinerary Race, Diversity, and Social Justice in Teacher Teachers College Press (p 157)The white house, tune-up by President George W. Bush, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http//www. whitehouse. gov/news/reports/no-child-left-behind. hypertext markup language The White House, President Signs Landmark No Child Left Behind Education Bill, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http//www. whitehouse. gov/news/releases/2002/01/20020108-1. html Uzzell Lawrence A. (2005) No Child Left Behind The Dangers of Centralized Education Policy, retrieved on 18th, November, 2008, available at http//www. cato. org/pub_display. php? pub_id=3769